Welcome to Cristobals' Jewel-Talk


It is intended as a rough guide to some of the terms commonly used among jewelry dealers. It is by no way exhaustive but we hope it helps all the same.


Amethyst

Refers to a semi-precious stone and to a color, a light purple.

Art Deco

This refers to a style of European origin, originally exhibited at the Exposition Internationale paris in 1925. Art Deco is typically geometric with strong lines and commonly incorporating contrasting colors.

Aurora Borealis

Named after the Northern Lights seen in the skies of the polar regions, these stones shine many different shades of several colors. These stones were popular in the 1950's.

Baguette

This is a shape of stone in the form of a rectangle. Varying size ratios between the long and short dimensions allowing for short stubby baguettes and long thin ones.

Bakelite

The first true artificial plastic developed by Dr. Leo Bakeland in 1908. Early colors were earthy browns and ambers but with further development bright reds and greens were produced. Notoriously difficult to authenticate.

Baroque Pearls

Real or simulated pearls with a characteristically irregular shape. The simuated versions were a popular choice with costume jewelry designers such as Coco Chanel and Miriam Haskell. The cores of these were commonly hand blown glass which was dipped many times into a pearlising solution made from natural substances like ground mother of pearl. Care should be taken wearing these as perfumes sprayed directly onto the surface of the pearl (real or simulated) will, over time, degrade the coating. A popular method of avoiding this problem is to spray perfume first, allowing it to dry, then don the jewels.

Base Metals

A bucket term for a non-precious metal. It includes common materials such as lead based alloys used frequently in the 1930's.

Bezel Setting

A setting which totally encloses the margin of the stone incorporating a lip on the upper margin holding the stone in place, usually the sign of high quality manufacture.

Bijoux (de Couture)

French for jewels, (of Fashion).

Bracelet

A general term which includes many types of ornament,

  • Bangle, rigid closed bracelet with no clasp which slips over the wrist,
  • Charm bracelets, usually made up of many charms linked onto a chain,
  • Cuff, typically a bangle with a gap, this slips over the wrist and commonly sits on the fore-arm or upper arm,
  • Hinged bracelets are generally rigid with a hinge which allows it to be put on, may or may not have a clasp,
  • Slides are bracelets which have small charms threaded on a double chain allowing them to 'slide' around.

Brooch

An English term for a pin (please not 'Broach')

Cabouchon

A stone with a smooth domed upper surface. These stones may have flat or point backed bases.

Cameo

Usually oval in shape these are carved into a multi-layer material such as mother of pearl which forms a relief of the subject being carved.

Carnelian

An amorphous quartz mineral most commonly of a dull reddish/ brown color.

Casting

Jewelry parts made in a casting process involving the pouring of molten metals into a pre-formed shape.

Celluloid

An early plastic only semi-artificial in nature. It is one of the fore-runners of the first truly artificial plastic, Bakelite. It was used to make a wide variety of objects as well as jewelry.

Channel Settings

An elongate setting in which rhinestones are aligned within a trough and the top of the mounting is bent over as a retainer, bezel style. It is used for both round and baguette stones.

Charms

Originally used to ward off evil, these objects of a huge variety are now attached to bracelets, necklaces and pins.

Chatelaine

In the strictest sense these were early 'pockets' which had the form of a decorative belt hook which had placements for the necessary objects of the day such as rouge and powder. Nowadays this term describes a pin in two parts joined by short lengths of chain.

Chaton

A chaton stone is a point backed, unfoiled stone held within a mount which surrounds its edge only. These mounts commonly have links on opposing sides allowing the chaton stones to be linked into lengths of 'chain'.

Choker

A tight necklace that sits high upon the neck. These are usually wide and can cover the whole thickness of the neck.

Citrine

A quartz based mineral with a wide variety of colors which range from a pale yellow to even a light red

Clasp

A device to attach two ends of a necklace around the neck. These have transcended a purely functional object to one of great decorative value.

Clip

Can be either to attach pins to clothing, e.g. 'fur-clip' or to attach earrings to the ear by a spring mechanism.

Collar

A short necklace worn at the base of the neck.

Coral

In fine jewelry this is the calcareous skeleton of calcareous corraline algae. To you and me, in imitation jewelry, it refers to a pale opaque orangy colored stone.

Crystal

Describes both a material (a type of glass used to make rhinestones or a naturally occuring silica mineral) and a color (a clear brilliant)

Cut Steel

Steel cut on its upper surface to resemble a marcasite stone

Demi-parure

Part of a parure set (see parure)

Déposé

A French term denoting a registered design

Design patent

Design patents are taken out by companies to legally protect their work

Earring

Ear ornaments, these can have many methods of attachment to the ear such as, clips, wires, posts, screw backs or a combination of the above. Earrings can also be described in terms of their design, for example, hoops, pendants, buttons etc.

Enameling

This term is often used incorrectly. It refers to the process of appling a glaze to an object which is then fired in a kiln. We often use this word to describe any form of painting on a piece of jewelry

Engraved

An ornamental design upon a metallic surface

Facet

Faceting describes the process of creating faces or facets on a crystal

Festoon Necklace

This is a form of necklace which is thicker in the middle than it is at the sides

Filigree

This type of jewelry manufacture originated in the Middle -East and involves the twisting of fine wires into a lace effect

Foxtail Chain

A type of chain made up of

Galalith

An early form of plastic which comprises in part of cellulose

Hallmark

A legal obligation to mark precious metal indicating grade of purity , age, manufacturer and location of assay office.

Imitation Jewelry

A type of jewelry made to either look real or as a substitute for the real/fine item

Imitation Stones

Stones made to look like their precious counterparts

Injection Molding

A process by which a liquid material is injectedinto a preformed mould

Jet

True jet is a fossilised wood derivative subjected to moderate temperatures and pressures. French jet is the imatation glass version.

Lariat

A form of necklace consisting of two long strands dropping either side of the neck which commonly fastens in the middle

Locket

A jeweled or engraved closeable piece of jewelry in which images or hair of a loved one is kept

Lucite

A modern (1950's) plastic which has the ability of being made to be clear

Marcasite

A mineral (iron pyrites) which has a gray lustre. It is faceted on the upper surface and is usually flat-backed

Moonstone

An amorphous silicate which is usually of a blue opalescent color

Mother-of-pearl

The internal, nacreous parts of a shell, commonly of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragonite. It can be polished up to a beautiful irredescent hue

Mounting

besel

nonvisible

pavé

prong and claw

ring shaped

tubular

Nickel

A metal used for plating and in alloys

Onyx

A black glassy mineral of the quartz group of minerals

Oxidised

A type of patina on the surface of a metal giving it a dark metallic look

Parure

A full set of jewels comprising of necklace, earrings, bracelet and pins

Patent

A protection of a design or mechanical device

Pate de verré

Glass poured into a wire mould made so that light travels through the piece of glass. Pionerred in the late 19th and 20th centuries by French companies such as Rousselet and Gripoix

Patina

A surface coloring to a piece of metal

Pendant

Mostly as necklaces or earrings. They comprise of a drop or drops. As a necklace they are usually of a central motif suspended from a chain

Rock crystal

A natural quartz mineral with a well defined lattice structure. These may be colored naturally, as in the case of Amethyst. The colorless varieties were often used in 'deco' jewelry

Rondelle

This term describes a component which is round. In fashion jewelry these are usually spacers on threadded neclaces and are studded with rhinestones held in a circular channel setting

Roses montées

A flat-backed rhinestone held in individual prong settings and commonly wired in place

Sautoir

A type of necklace fashionable in the 1920's. They are usually very long sometimes even reaching down to the knees. They can be wrapped around the neck several times to create a shorter multi-strand necklace

Semiprecious stones

A polite term describing natural stones which are more common and thus less 'valuable' than their 'rarer' cousins.

Setting

A method by whick a stone is held in place. They are of many ingenious designs and some of them defy opening to replace the damaged stones. If a manufacturer uses settings within a piece of jewelry it was quite often an expensive process, thus denoting high quality

Simulated pearl

Pearls manufactured to look real. Many exponents of the simulated pearl acheived high degrees of quality and used complex processes to gain the best look possible, for example Miriam Haskell

Soldering

A method of joining two pieces of metal together using heat to fuse a joining agent (e.g. lead based metal) to both pieces.

Spacer

A metal bead or other object threaded between components of a necklace

Stamping

A jewelry part fabricated by stamping thin brass or another metal into a decorative/functional form uing a stamping tool

Tailored Jewelry

A style of jewelry, usually without stones, with clean linear lines

Tassel

A drop component made up of freely hanging chain or pearl strands

Topaz

A natural stone of the quartz family with generally light to dark yellow/ochre hues

Tortoise Shell

Literally taken from the shells of tortoise and have a dark to light brown mottled appearance. Fortunately with the development of artificial materials a similar affect can be acheived using plastics

Trademark

A registered and protected company identity

Tremblant

A component of a piece of jewelry held by springs so that it trembles. Sometimes called a nodder

Turquoise

A light/dark blue to green natural stone

Venetian-glass

Glass produced on the islands surrounding the Venetian Lagoon. Hand-blown and commonly of high quality

Vermeil

A French term for a form of gilded silver

White metals

Literally metal which is white. Used to describe silver, white gold, rhodium plating , pot metals and other metals.